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On Biohacking

One of Asprey's favorite technologies for training the brain is HeartMath's heart rate variablity trainer called emWave2, which helps you maintain your focus and attention, achieve better sleep, and regulate your emotions. 

Asprey has also used a variety of supplements and smart drugs to enhance his brain function. Some people look at them as cheating, Asprey says, but they're simply a way to improve your brain function and be healthier.

"These aren’t technologies to cheat or to be less human, they’re technologies that let your brain do all the things it wants to do anyway, and give you the ability to be, not just a better worker, screw that noise, but give you the ability to be a better person," Asprey says. 

Through biohacking, Asprey says he's learned how to "turn on happy" and turn off stress with just one breath. He's even increased his IQ by more than by 20 points, but won't say exactly how much.

"If I was abnormally endowed as a man, I wouldn’t disclose that number either," Asprey says. "It is not about how big is yours, it’s about how much bigger than it is now can it be."

One technique that works really well for increasing your IQ is neuro-feedback training, which is when you hook up electrodes to your head and use them to get feedback about your brain activity, Asprey says. 

"There’s a particular form of this, that gives you the same brain state of someone who spent 20 years doing zen meditation and its shown in a study to raise your IQ by 12 points," Asprey says. "That’s a pretty expensive program to do. That’s a $15,000 investment, but when you’re looking at $1,200 per IQ point, it’s not that expensive."

A mycotoxin (from Greek μύκης (mykes, mukos) "fungus" and τοξικόν (toxikon) "poison")[1][2] is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by organisms of the fungi kingdom, commonly known as molds.[3][4] The term 'mycotoxin' is usually reserved for the toxic chemical products produced by fungi that readily colonize crops.[3] One mold species may produce many different mycotoxins, and the same mycotoxin may be produced by several species.[5]

Overview

Most fungi are aerobic (use oxygen) and are found almost everywhere in extremely small quantities due to the minute size of their spores. They consume organic matter wherever humidity and temperature are sufficient. Where conditions are right, fungi proliferate into colonies and mycotoxin levels become high. The reason for the production of mycotoxins is not yet known; they are necessary for neither growth nor the development of the fungi.[6] Because mycotoxins weaken the receiving host, the fungus may use them as a strategy to better the environment for further fungal proliferation. The production of toxins depends on the surrounding intrinsic and extrinsic environments and the toxins vary greatly in their severity, depending on the organism infected and its susceptibility, metabolism, and defense mechanisms.[7] Some of the health effects found in animals and humans include death, identifiable diseases or health problems, weakened immune systems without specificity to a toxin, and as allergens or irritants. Some mycotoxins are harmful to other micro-organisms such as other fungi or even bacteria; penicillin is one example.[8] It has been suggested that mycotoxins in stored animal feed are the cause of apparent sex change in hens.[9]

Mycotoxins can appear in the food chain as a result of fungal infection of crops, either by being eaten directly by humans or by being used as livestock feed. Mycotoxins greatly resist decomposition or being broken down in digestion, so they remain in the food chain in meat and dairy products. Even temperature treatments, such as cooking and freezing, do not destroy some mycotoxins.

Although various wild mushrooms contain an assortment of poisons that are definitely fungal metabolites causing noteworthy health problems for humans, they are rather arbitrarily excluded from discussions of mycotoxicology. In such cases the distinction is based on the size of the producing fungus and human intention.[10] Mycotoxin exposure is almost always accidental whereas with mushrooms improper identification and ingestion causing mushroom poisoning is commonly the case. Ingestion of misidentified mushrooms containing mycotoxins may result in hallucinations. The cyclopeptide-producing Amanita phalloides is well known for its toxic potential and is responsible for approximately 90% of all mushroom fatalities.[11] The other primary mycotoxin groups found in mushrooms include: orellanine, monomethylhydrazine, disulfiram-like, hallucinogenic indoles, muscarinic, isoxazole, and gastrointestinal (GI)-specific irritants.[12] The bulk of this article is about mycotoxins that are found in microfungi other than poisons from mushrooms or macroscopic fungi.[10]

Many international agencies are trying to achieve universal standardization of regulatory limits for mycotoxins. Currently, over 100 countries have regulations regarding mycotoxins in the feed industry, in which 13 mycotoxins or groups of mycotoxins are of concern.[13] The process of assessing a need for mycotoxin regulation includes a wide array of in-laboratory testing that includes extracting, clean-up and separation techniques.[14] Most official regulations and control methods are based on high-performance liquid techniques (e.g., HPLC) through international bodies.[14] It is implied that any regulations regarding these toxins will be in co-ordinance with any other countries with which a trade agreement exists. Many of the standards for the method performance analysis for mycotoxins is set by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN).[14] However, one must take note that scientific risk assessment is commonly influenced by culture and politics, which, in turn, will affect trade regulations of mycotoxins.[15]

Food-based mycotoxins were studied extensively worldwide throughout the 20th century. In Europe, statutory levels of a range of mycotoxins permitted in food and animal feed are set by a range of European directives and Commission regulations. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has regulated and enforced limits on concentrations of mycotoxins in foods and feed industries since 1985. It is through various compliance programs that the FDA monitors these industries to guarantee that mycotoxins are kept at a practical level. These compliance programs sample food products including peanuts and peanut products, tree nuts, corn and corn products, cottonseed, and milk. There is still a lack of sufficient surveillance data on some mycotoxins that occur in the U.S., which is due largely to the lack of reliable analytical methods.[16]

Jin exercises within the Liang Yi pressure point system
　　The purpose of ‘Jin’ (or striking) exercises within the Liang Yi pressure point system is to allow a student to develop the force necessary for effectively striking pressure points. They are thus a crucial and basic element within Liang Yi pressure point training. There are 12 different Jin (forms of strike) which are designed to affect 36 key pressure points - thus each individual striking method is used to affect three seperate points.
　　Jin exercises should not be conceptualised as purely physical training. They combine the mechanical repetition of strikes with the development of Qi (vital energy) to allow a practitioner to strike a pressure point with great force. The basic tenet of practising Jin is to focus the power of the entire body on a single strike – thus one must remain physically relaxed until just (usually around one quarter of a second) before one delivers a strike. In order to exert the entire power of the body in this manner, one’s physical body and one’s Qi must work in unison. Hence, there are basic similarities between all of the Jin (types of strike). Firstly, the practitioner should keep their tongue pressed to the roof of their mouth throughout the exercise – this allows Qi to circulate through the body and encourages one to control one’s breathing in the correct manner. Secondly, the practitioner should breathe normally until just before the moment of impact, when one should holds one’s breath.
　　Of the 12 Jin, Master Zhang is only willing to have the names of 9 of these strikes published on the internet:

1. Lao Jin – Swinging Force
2. Zhi Jin – Straight Force
3. Xie Jin – Downward Force
4. Ligou Jin – Hook Force
5. Wai Bei Jin – Backhand Force
6. Qiebei Jin – Chopping Force
7. Ning Ning Jin – Twisting Force
8. Ding Ding Jin – Short Range Force
9. Cun Jin – This is similar to Ding Ding Jin, but with a crucial difference (which Master Zhang does not currently want published online), and lacks a modern English translation.
10. Undisclosed
11. Undisclosed
12. Undisclosed